What Is a Security Certificate?
A website's digital ID card that helps prove who it is.
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What Are VLANs?
Splitting one network into logical segments for security and order.
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What Is IoT?
The Internet of Things: everyday objects that connect and help.
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What Is Firmware?
The built-in software that tells a device how to work.
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Why Do Smart Devices Need Updates?
Updates keep smart devices safe, working well, and ready for the future.
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What Is a Guest Wi-Fi Network?
A separate Wi-Fi for visitors that keeps your main network private.
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Authentication vs. Authorization
Proving who you are vs. what you're allowed to do.
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What Is a Default Password?
The starter password a device comes with, and why you should change it.
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What Is Malware?
Bad software that tries to do sneaky or harmful things.
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What Is a Computer Virus?
Harmful software that copies itself by attaching to files or programs.
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What Is a Worm?
Harmful software that copies itself across computers all by itself.
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What Is a Trojan?
Harmful software that pretends to be something safe to trick you.
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What Is Antivirus?
Software that looks for bad programs and keeps your device safe.
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What Is Ransomware?
A bad program that locks your files and asks for money.
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What Is a Vulnerability?
A weak spot or flaw that can make software less safe.
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What Is a Zero-Day Exploit?
A hidden software weakness bad guys may use before a fix exists.
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What Is Least Privilege?
Give people and apps only the access they need, and no more.
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What Is Data Exfiltration?
When sneaky attackers steal data and send it out without permission.
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What Is a Firewall?
A guard that decides what traffic is allowed in or out.
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What Is a VPN?
A private tunnel that helps hide and protect your traffic.
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What Are Software Updates?
Fixes and upgrades that keep your apps safe and working.
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What Is a Software Patch?
A small fix that makes software safer, better, and healthier.
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What Is End-of-Life Software?
When software stops getting updates, fixes, and support.
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What Are Backups?
Spare copies of your files, in case something goes wrong.
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What Is Encryption?
Scrambling data so only the right person can read it.
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What Is Cryptography?
Protecting information by turning it into secret code only the right people can read.
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What Is Hashing?
Turning information into a unique digital fingerprint.
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What Is Steganography?
Hiding a message inside something ordinary, in plain sight.
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SSL / TLS
How your browser talks safely to websites. The padlock, explained.
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Base64 Encoding
Turning data into text so computers can send it. Encoding, not encryption.
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What Is OWASP?
A friendly community that helps people build safer software.
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What Is Cybersecurity?
Protecting computers, phones, and information from problems and bad actors.
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What Is Information Security?
Keeping important information safe, correct, and available when needed.
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What Is a Hacker?
Why the word means different things, and why context matters.
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What Is a SOC Analyst?
The cyber helper who watches for trouble and keeps systems safe.
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What Is a Job in Cybersecurity?
The many helper roles that keep people and computers safe.
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What Is Blue Teaming?
Blue teams help keep computers, websites, and people safe.
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